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Artifacts from a half century of cancer research

MIT Koch Institute

Throughout 2024, the Koch Institute has celebrated 50 years of MIT’s cancer research program and the individuals who have shaped its journey. In honor of this milestone anniversary year, the Koch Institute celebrated the opening of a new exhibition: Object Lessons: Celebrating 50 Years of Cancer Research at MIT in 10 Items. Object Lessons invites the public to explore significant artifacts—from one of the earliest PCR machines, developed in the lab of Nobel laureate H. Robert Horvitz, to Greta, a groundbreaking zebrafish from the lab of Professor Nancy Hopkins—in the half century of discoveries and advancements that have positioned MIT at the forefront of the fight against cancer.  

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Stem Cells and Colon Cancer

Spectrum MIT

MIT Stem Cell Initiative investigators Ömer Yilmaz and Alex Shalek are investigating the impacts of high-fat diets on intestinal stem cells. Applying Shalek’s single-cell sequencing tools to three-dimensional colon tumor models called organoids developed in the Yilmaz Lab, their teams seek to understand how changes induced by high-fat diets in these stem cells can lead to cancer. The work of the MIT Stem Cell Initiative is supported by Fondation MIT.

Modeling the Mechanisms of Metastasis

MIT News

A team co-led by Roger Kamm has received a $7.8 million, five-year U54 grant to join National Institutes of Health’s inaugural group of Metastasis Research Network Centers. The team will study how metastasizing tumor cells adapt to mechanical stresses, as well as how these stressors impact cell fate, including cell death, dormancy, or proliferation.

Introducing the 2021-2022 Convergence Scholars

MIT Koch Institute

The Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine and the MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine are pleased to announce the 2021-2022 class of Convergence Scholars.  CSP Scholars receive training, mentors, insights, and inroads into careers in academia, industry, health care, the policy arena, and federal research or regulatory agencies.

Secret Gardener

Boston Globe

Ever since a flower box display for the Sean Collier Memorial was moved into the Koch Institute Public Galleries, arrangements of plants and decorations with themes ranging from dinosaurs to holiday cheer have appeared every month. The Boston Globe reveals the creative gardener to be Kathy Cormier, who heads the Hope Babette Tang (1983) Histology Facility within the Robert A. Swanson (1969) Biotechnology Center. 

A Checkup for Checkpoint Blockade

MIT News

Why do some tumors fail to respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy? New research by the Spranger Lab, in collaboration with the Love and Wittrup Labs, suggests that non-responsive T cells may be dysfunctional due to differences in cytokine signaling during T cell activation in the tumor-draining lymph node. Their findings, published in Science Immunology, suggest that cytokine therapy could improve the tumors' response to ICB.

Shifting the Conversation Around Diet and Cancer

MIT News

Vander Heiden Lab researchers are applying new knowledge about cancer cell metabolism to better understand how low carbohydrate diets affect tumor development. By comparing a calorically restricted diet and a ketogenic diet in mouse models, the study found that the reduced availability of fatty acids played a major role in limiting tumor growth. These findings, published in Nature, do not recommend a particular diet, but rather, urge further investigation to determine how dietary interventions might be combined with existing or emerging drugs to advance patient care.

The work was supported in part by the Emerald Foundation, the MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, and the Ludwig Center at MIT.

Adding Injury to Create Immunogenicity

MIT News

The Yaffe Lab, in collaboration with the Irvine Lab, is looking at novel ways to combine chemotherapy and radiotherapy with immunotherapy for more effective cancer treatment. In a study appearing in Science Signaling, tumor cells from mice were treated with DNA-damaging chemotherapy and re-injected back into the tumors before administering immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Current conventions suggest that molecules released by dead or dying tumor cells can enhance immune cell response—a phenomenon known as immunogenic cell death—but here the researchers found that signals released by the still-living damaged cells were the ones inducing the greater immune response. This new approach, dubbed "immunogenic cell injury," could offer a viable treatment strategy for patients whose tumors have not previously responded to immunotherapy. The team will continue to test their approach using different drugs, dosages, and tumor types.

This work was funded in part by the Mazumdar-Shaw International Oncology Fellowship, the MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, and the Charles and Marjorie Holloway Foundation.

Remembering Friend and Colleague David Livingston

MIT Koch Institute

It is with great sadness that we share the news that renowned oncologist and scientist Dr. David Livingston has passed away. As a longtime researcher in cancer genetics known also for his roles in research administration, leadership, and policy-making, Dr. Livingston was a member of the Koch Institute Scientific Advisory Board for more than a decade, and together with Tyler Jacks was the co-founder and co-leader of the Bridge Project. We are grateful for the generosity with which David shared his insight, time, and effort and offer our condolences to all of his family, friends, and colleagues.

Digging Deep to Fight Covid and Cancer

MIT News

KI member Regina Barzilay is one of the authors of a PNAS paper describing the use of deep learning models to identify synergistic drug combinations and drug-target interactions to combat Covid-19. The group's algorithmic approach is also being used to identify potential therapeutic combinations against pancreatic cancer.

Weighing Treatment Options

MIT News

The Manalis Lab’s suspended microchannel resonator platform has been adapted into a tool for predicting patient responses to specific cancer drugs. In collaboration with the laboratory of Keith Ligon at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, researchers measured glioblastoma cells before and after treatment with the chemotherapy TMZ in order to detect tiny changes in mass which indicate treatment response. Only half of glioblastoma patients respond to TMZ, and the genetic marker for TMZ is not a reliable predictor of sensitivity for all patients. A study appearing in Cell Reports and funded in part by the MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine demonstrated that the method accurately predicted response to TMZ. Travera, co-founded by Manalis and Ligon, is currently testing patient samples from several cancer types with the aim of developing clinically validated lab tests.