News

Remembering David Baltimore

MIT Koch Institute

September 8, 2025

With sadness, the Koch Institute marks the passing of Professor David Baltimore. A founding faculty member and formative influence behind the MIT Center for Cancer Research, he was not only a ground-breaking researcher but also a compelling and thoughtful voice for science.

His discovery of reverse transcriptase changed the prevailing scientific dogma, earned him a 1975 Nobel Prize, and directly enables work in life sciences and biomedical laboratories everywhere. His decades-long advocacy work impacted national policy debates on topics such as recombinant DNA research, the AIDS epidemic, and genome editing.

Showing 461–470 of 666 stories

Advancing AI in Medicine

MIT News

September 23, 2020

KI member Regina Barzilay is the first-ever winner of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence’s Squirrel AI Award for Artificial Intelligence for the Benefit of Humanity, a new $1 million prize to honor individuals whose work in the field has had a transformative impact on society. Barzilay is being recognized for her work building machine learning models to develop antibiotics and other drugs, and to detect and diagnose breast cancer at early stages. In 2019 she spoke at the Koch Institute’s with/in/sight lecture series about her collaboration with MGH’s Constance Lehmann to improve mammography through artificial intelligence and co-chaired the Koch Institute's annual summer symposium, on the integration of machine learning and cancer research. In addition to her own laboratory research, she is also working to make her diagnostic tools available for underprivileged populations around the world.

Cornering Cancer

Nature Communications

September 21, 2020

Koch Institute researchers are teaming up to put p53-mutated cancers in a corner by targeting multiple genes at once to create a new approach called “augmented synthetic lethality.” Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene (present in most cancers) enable tumor cells to develop resistance to widely-used platinum-based chemotherapies. Building on previous work in the Yaffe Lab that identified MK2 as a synthetic lethal partner to p53, the group has now been able to further enhance the tumor-shrinking effects of platinum-based anti-cancer drugs by adding a new target, the gene XPA. In the study, appearing in Nature Communications, Yaffe lab researchers used nanoplexes developed in the Hammond Lab to deliver MK2- and XPA-blocking siRNAs to tumors in mouse models of non-small cell lung cancer that were originally developed in the Jacks and Hemann Labs.

Campus Shuts Down, Nelson Steps Up

MIT Biology

August 28, 2020

Toni-Ann Nelson, an undergraduate researcher from Alcorn State University, has been working with MSRP-Bio and Jacks Lab graduate student Amanda Cruz to understand the genetic underpinnings of non-small cell lung cancer...in unexpectedly quantitative ways. Thanks to the MIT campus closure, Nelson has developed a new computational skillset that will help transform her lifelong passion for cancer research into new cancer biology pathways.

Rapid Transite Accelerates Computational Analysis

Cell Reports

August 25, 2020

Members of the Yaffe group have been developing computational methods to examine RNA-binding proteins as a class of molecules that might broadly be involved in how tumors respond to chemotherapy. In a Cell Reports paper, the researchers describe a computer program they developed called Transite, which systematically infers which RNA-binding proteins are influencing gene expression through changes in RNA stability and degradation. Transite is broadly available at Transite and has already been used to perform hundreds of analyses.

This work was supported in part by the MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine and the Charles and Marjorie Holloway Foundation.

On the Node Again

Elicio Therapeutics

August 21, 2020

Elicio Therapeutics is developing the Irvine Lab’s lymph node targeting vaccine technology to fight COVID-19. With promising preclinical evidence of increased T cell and antibody response against coronavirus proteins, the company hopes to accelerate clinical translation using insight gained from their already-completed manufacturing and toxicology studies in KRAS-driven cancers.

RUNX RUNX As Fast As You Can

MIT News

August 17, 2020

The Jacks Lab is analyzing lung tumors' evolution by measuring structural changes to chromatin—the mix of proteins, DNA, and RNA that makes up cells’ chromosomes that can alter gene expression. In work published by Cancer Cell, researchers showed that these epigenomic modifications can characterize the progression of cancer cells from early stage to later, more aggressive stages. They also identified a transcription factor—a molecule known as RUNX2—that influences metastasis in these evolving cells. Looking at both mouse and human tumors, the team found that elevated levels of RUNX2 are associated with increased tumor cell aggressiveness, suggesting that it could be used as a biomarker to predict patient outcomes.

Thrown for an R-Loop

Nature Communications

August 14, 2020

New research from the Yaffe lab appearing in Nature Communications now shows that in highly proliferative tumor cells, Brd4 function is necessary to block collisions on genomic DNA between sites of RNA transcription and DNA replication. They found that cancer cells without BRD4 accumulate R loops, resulting in transcription-replication collisions and DNA damage. The continued replication of cells with R loop-damaged DNA results in increased genome instability and cell death. The findings may help researchers design new combination therapies that take advantage of BRD4’s unique role in blocking DNA damage specifically in oncogenic tumor cells.

This work was supported in part by the Koch Institute Frontier Research Program, the Koch Institute - Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Bridge Project, the MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, and a Koch Institute Quinquennial Cancer Research Fellowship.

Fewer Needles, More STING

Science Translational Medicine

August 12, 2020

A programmable microparticle developed by Langer Lab researchers could make STING-based cancer therapies easier for patients to complete. These immunotherapies (which activate the critical 'stimulator of interferon genes' pathway to boost immune response) produce strong antitumor effects, but must be injected directly into the tumor repeatedly over months, increasing risk for metastasis, chronic injection pain, and infection. The single-injection microparticles release scheduled doses of a STING-based therapy over days and weeks.

In a study appearing in Science Translational Medicine and supported in part by a Ludwig Postdoctoral Fellowship and a Misrock Postdoctoral Fellowship, researchers found the microparticles to be as effective against tumors as multiple injections in mouse models of melanoma and breast cancer, with a reduced chance of metastasis. The study also suggests that the microparticles could deliver STING-based therapies to hard-to-reach tumors.

Michelson Prize for Michael Birnbaum

Human Vaccines Project

August 7, 2020

Michael Birnbaum received the Michelson Prize for Human Immunology and Vaccine Research 2020 to identify target antigens for HIV vaccine development. His team's novel methodology for studying immune cells' antigen recognition repertoire has multiple applications for other diseases, including cancer and COVID-19, and exemplifies the type of promising early career research supported by the prize.

Shedding Metabolite on Pancreatic Cancer

eLife

August 4, 2020

Vander Heiden Lab researchers are using a novel nutrient-labeling approach to understand metabolic differences between cell types. A new study published in eLife examines enzyme activity of tumor cells and fibroblasts in organoid cell cultures and mouse models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and suggests potential pathways for curtailing tumor growth.